William adair



WILLIAM. ADAIR, OF LIVERPOOL, ENGLAND.

Letters Patent No. 78,854, dated Jante 16, 1868;*patenfcd in. England, April 5, 1867.

IMPROVEMENT IN PUMPS.I

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Beit known that I, WILLIAM ADAIR, of Liverpool, England, have invented or discovered certain new and useful Improvements in Pumps; and I do hereby declare that the` following is afull, truc, and exact description thereof, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, and to the letters and figures marked thereon; that is to say- My invention consists/in constructing, as hereafter described, a double-acting pump, chieiiy intended for use on board ship, but also applicable in mines, water-works, fire-engines, and other purposes. g i

My pump is shown in perspective elevation in Figure 1, in central vertical section in Figure 2, and-ii horizontal section through w :1: in Figure 3. y

,Mypump consists of a closed cylinder,1 containing a spear-box or plunger, of an open cylinder, 4and of a feed-pipe, inserted at the bottom of the cylinders, and carried up either between them or outside, and having commiinicatiou with the open cylinder at `the bottom and with the closed one near itstop, the whole being connected together.

The plunger consists of two cup-leathers, placed back to back, and is attached to an ordinary piston-rod.

The top of the closed cylinder consists of a metal cover, fitting closely round the plunger-rod, yet sol as tol-` allow of its slipping upon it when forced upwards by thewater to be discharged during the'ascending stroke, at the conclusion of which it again descends to its ordinary position, and rests upon thc flange or rim at the top.

of the cylinder. It therefore acts both as a cover to the cylinder, and as a valve to allow of the discharge of' the water; it also does away with any necessity for a. stuiing-box, for inasmuch as the discharging-nozzleis placed some distance above it, it is consequently always under water while the pump is working, and thus eects between itself and the plunger the necessary vacuum for the supply of water on the upper side of the plunger to be discharged during the upward stroke. p v

A is the working or closed cylinder; B, the open cylinder; C, the 'feed or suction-pipe; D, the branch of the feed-pipe at the bottom of the open cylinder; E, the branch from the same to the top of the closed cylinder;I and F, the port or communication between the two cylinders.

In the apparatus there are three ordinary valves; No. 1 opening from the feed-pipe up and into the bottom of the open cylinder. No. 2 is placed in and across-the open cylinder, about three inches above No. l; it opens upwards, allowing the water to pass o through the open cylinder. These two valves form between them the vacuum necessary for the supply of water to the under side of the plunger, to be discharged during the downward stroke. lhe third valve is situate in and across the upper branch of the feed-pipe, and just before its entry into the closed cylinder. The box of this valve is marked No. 3. In addition to these valves, there is a port or communication., F, between the bottom of the two cylinders, but closed to the feed-pipe, and situate at a level intermediate betweenvalves 1 and 2. During the upward stroke, the plunger'raises the water which is above it in the closed cylinder A, (previously admitted through No. 3 valve, now-closed,) slightly elevating the cover, and discharging the water through the nozzle. At the same time, the water in lthe feed-pipe C opens valve No. 1 No. 2 remaining closed, and pours through the port F into the closed cylinder A under the plunger, to be ready for the downward stroke.` During the downward stroke, the plunger forces the water now collected below it through the port F (closing valve No. 1, opening No. 2,) up through the open cylinder B, and so discharging it through the nozzle. During this time, the water in the feed-pipe C, No. 1 valve being closed, is drawn up through the branches D and E, raising valve No. 3, and filling the space above the plunger, between it and the cylinder-cover, to be ready for the upward stroke.

The advantages gained by the employment of this pump, are- First, continuous action, for as the pump possesses two vacuum-chambers, one between the plunger and the cylinder-coser for the up stroke, the other between the valves 1 and 2 for' the down stroke continuous, and hence is a veritable double-action pump.

Second, facility of cleaning and repair, and simplicity of construction, inasmuch as very easy access can ,its action is rendered be had by hand to all parts of the pump, the valves being all situate directly under an opening, and exactly over one another; and also, as the plunger is solid, no valves have to be removed to obtain access to its under side, as is usually the case. I l

Third, that there is much time saved during the process of cleaning, as the water is not lost during 'the' operation, for as there arc two vacuum-chambers, either cylinder with its valves can be cleaned without thel water in the feed-pipe being allowed to run away. l

Fourth, that no stuing-box is required, the cylinder-cover acting as such in preserving the upper vacuum, while, at the same time, it also serves as a valve for the emission of the water.

Fifth, that it may easily be converted into a single-action pump, by the simple removal of the cylindercover, destroying at the same time the upper vacuum-chamber.

The form and application of the pump hcreinbefore described, and shown in the drawings, is that in which it is best applicable to use on board ship( Its employment and application for mining and other purposes will b e readily understood without further explanation.

What I claim, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isv The combination of the open and closed cylinders, the latter provided with a valve-cover and plunger, the two operating by means of valves, and a feed-pipe, and a branch thereof, substantially as described. In witness whereof, I, the said WILLIAM Amin, have hereunto set my hand, this thirty-first day of December, one thousand eight hundred .a'ndsixty-sevon.

4 WILLIAM ADAIB,

No. 2 Back Nelson Street, Liverpool.

Witnesses:

J. P. WESTHEAD, C'lczelaizd lS'quare, Liverpool, JAMES N. Snoonnnnn, UE.. 53 York Building?, Dale Street, Liverpool. 

